Dual chamber dispenser

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to improved dispenser nozzles and methods of making the same. The dispenser nozzles of the invention comprises a body which define two or more internal chambers, both of which have outlets and at least one of which has an inlet. The inlet comprises an inlet valve and the outlet comprises an outlet valve. Fluid is dispensed from the dispenser nozzles by applying a pressure to a resiliently deformable or displacable portion of the body of the device that defines the chamber, thereby compressing the chamber and actuating the dispensing of fluid. The additional chamber(s) may contain further liquids or gaseous substance (e.g. air). In preferred embodiments, the actuator is an over cap or a trigger actuator.

This invention relates to improvements in or relating to dispenser nozzles and, more particularly but not exclusively, to improvements in or relating to pump-action dispenser nozzles and methods of making such devices.

Pump-action dispenser nozzle devices are commonly used to provide a means by which fluids can be dispensed from a non-pressurised container.

A problem with conventional pump-action nozzles is that they tend to be extremely complex in design and typically comprise numerous component parts (usually between 8 and 10 individual components in dispenser nozzle devices). As a consequence, these devices can be costly to manufacture due to the amount of material required to form the individual components and the assembly processes involved. In addition, many of the conventional devices tend to be bulky (which again increases the raw material costs) and a proportion of this bulk is invariably disposed inside the container to which the device is attached. This is a further drawback because the nozzle can take up a proportion of the internal volume of the container, which can be a particular problem in small containers where the available space inside the container is limited. Finally, the size of the pump-action device is also dictated to certain extent by the size of the container to which it is attached. Thus, the size of the device is usually restricted in small containers, and especially in small containers with narrow necks, and this limits the amount of pressure that can be generated by the device as well as the volume of fluid that can be dispensed, and, for this reason, can be detrimental to the performance of the device.

The present invention provides a solution to the problems associated with conventional dispenser nozzles by providing, in a first aspect, a pump-action dispenser nozzle adapted to enable fluid stored in a fluid source to be dispensed through said nozzle during use, said nozzle having a body which defines a first chamber having an inlet through which fluid may be drawn into said chamber and an outlet through which fluid present in the chamber may be expelled from the nozzle, said inlet comprising an inlet valve adapted to only permit fluid to flow into the chamber through the inlet when the pressure within the chamber falls below the pressure within the fluid source by at least a minimum threshold amount and said outlet comprising an outlet valve configured to only permit fluid to flow out of the chamber and be expelled from the nozzle when the pressure therein exceeds the external pressure at the outlet by at least a minimum threshold amount, and a second chamber which comprises at least an outlet and an outlet valve, wherein one or more portions of the body that define said first and second chambers are configured to:

(i) resiliently deform from an initial resiliently biased configuration to a distended or deformed configuration in response to the application of a pressure, whereby the volume of said chambers defined by said one or more portions of the body is reduced as said one or more portions of the body are deformed from said initial configuration to said distended or deformed configuration, said reduction in volume causing the pressure within the chambers to increase and fluid to be ejected through the outlet valve; and

(ii) subsequently return to the initial resiliently biased configuration when the applied pressure is removed, thereby causing the volume of the chambers to increase and the pressure therein to fall such that further fluid is at least drawn into the first chamber through the inlet valve.

The dispenser nozzle of the present invention solves the aforementioned problems associated with many conventional pump-action spray dispenser nozzles by providing a device which is extremely simple in design and which will typically comprise no more than six separate component parts that are fitted together to form the assembled dispenser nozzle. In preferred embodiments the device will comprise no more than three component parts or, more preferably, two separate component parts or, even more preferably, the device is formed from a single, integrally formed component. By “separate component parts” we mean that the parts are not linked in any way, i.e. they are not integrally formed with one another (but each separate component part may comprise one or more integral parts or portions). The key to reducing the number of components lies in the formation of the necessary features integrally within the body of the device. For instance, the chamber, inlet, inlet valve, outlet, and outlet valve can all be defined by the body, thereby reducing the need to include separate components with all the consequential increases in component and assembly costs.

Furthermore, the nozzle devices of the present invention additionally provide a means by which two fluids may be dispensed from the nozzle device simultaneously. The nozzle device may comprise a third and a fourth additional chamber for certain applications. Each chamber may comprise a liquid, or one or more of the additional chamber may comprise air or another gaseous fluid.

The second chamber may also comprise an inlet through which a fluid from a second fluid source, e.g. a separate compartment of the container to which the device is attached, can be drawn in. In such cases, the second chamber preferably comprises an inlet equipped with an inlet valve.

Alternatively, the second chamber may not comprise an inlet at all. Instead a reservoir of the second fluid may be stored within the second chamber which is either dispensed in one single actuation or, more preferably, the outlet of the second chamber may be configured to only permit a predetermined amount of the second fluid to be dispensed with each actuation.

As a further alternative, the additional fluid contained in the second chamber may be a gas or a mixture of gasses such as air. In the latter case it is particularly desirable to co-eject air in certain application because the mixture of an air stream with another fluid can be exploited to either break up the spray droplets dispensed from the device in the case of spray dispenser nozzle, or modify the properties of the ejected product, e.g. by causing foaming, in the case of more viscous fluids, such as hair mousses, creams, shaving foams etc.

In embodiments where an additional chamber for the expulsion of air is present, it shall be appreciated that, once the expulsion of air is complete and the applied pressure is removed thereby allowing the resiliently deformable portion of the chamber to deform back to its initial resiliently biased configuration, more air needs to be drawn into the chamber to replenish that expelled. This can be achieved by either sucking air back in through the outlet (i.e. by making the outlet valve a two way valve) or, more preferably, by drawing air in from the external environment though a separate air inlet. In the latter case, the air inlet is preferably provided with a one-way valve similar to the inlet valve discussed above. This valve will only permit air to be drawn into the chamber and will prevent air being expelled back through the hole when the chamber is compressed.

In most cases, it is desirable to co-eject the second fluid from the second chamber at substantially the same pressure as the air ejected from the first chamber. If the second fluid is air then this will typically require the air chamber to be compressed more (e.g. 3 to 200 times more—depending on the application concerned) than the fluid/liquid-containing chamber. This may be achieved by positioning the chambers so that, when a pressure is applied, the compression of the air-containing chamber occurs preferentially, thereby enabling the air and liquid to be ejected at the same or substantially the same pressure. For example, the air-containing chamber may be positioned behind the liquid-containing chamber so that, when a pressure is applied, the air chamber is compressed first until a stage is reached when both chambers are compressed together. Alternatively, the air chamber may positioned on top of the liquid containing chamber so that pressure is applied directly to the air chamber and is then transferred from this chamber to the liquid containing chamber. Thus, the air chamber will be preferentially compressed first.

As an alternative, the dispenser nozzle may also be adapted in such a way that the pressure with which fluid is dispensed from the second chamber is higher or lower than the liquid pressure, which may be beneficial for certain applications.

When two or more separate compartments are present in the dispenser nozzle, it is problematical getting the outlet valve of each chamber to open at the same time. For this reason, it may be preferable that the arrangement is configured so as to enable the application of a pressure to the resiliently deformable portion of the body to facilitate the distortion/opening of the outlet valves at a predetermined point or time.

In alternative embodiments, air and fluid from the container may be present in a single chamber, rather than separate chambers. In such cases, fluid and air is co-ejected and may be mixed as it flows through the outlet. For example, where the outlet comprises an expansion chamber, i.e. a widened chamber positioned in the outlet passageway, the contents ejected from the chamber could be split into separate branches of the channel and enter the expansion chamber at different locations to encourage mixing.

Whether the additional chamber or chambers contain air or some other fluid drawn from a separate compartment within the container, the contents of the two or more chambers can be ejected simultaneously through the outlet by simultaneously compressing both chambers together. The contents of the respective chambers will then be mixed within the outlet, either on, prior to or after, ejection from the dispenser nozzle. It shall be appreciated that varying the relative volumes of the separate chambers and/or the dimensions of the outlet can be used to influence the relative proportions of constituents present in the final mixture expelled through the outlet. Furthermore, the outlet passageway may be divided into two or more separate channels, each channel extending from a separate chamber, and each separate channel may feed fluid into a spray nozzle passageway as discussed above where it is mixed prior to ejection.

The chambers may be arranged side by side or one chamber may be on top of another. In a preferred embodiment where one of the additional chambers contains air, the additional air chamber is positioned relative to the chamber of the dispenser nozzle so that the compression of the air chamber causes the resiliently deformable portion of the body to deform and compress the chamber of the dispenser nozzle.

In some embodiments of the invention, fluid may be ejected from one chamber before or after fluid ejected from another chamber.

The chambers of the dispenser nozzle may be of any form and it shall of course be appreciated that the dimensions and shape of the chambers will be selected to suit the particular device and application concerned. Similarly, all the fluid in the chambers may be expelled when the chambers are compressed or, alternatively, only a proportion of the fluid present in the chambers may be dispensed, again depending on the application concerned.

In certain preferred embodiments of the invention, the chambers will be defined by generally dome-shaped regions of the body, which are resiliently deformable. Preferably, the dome-shaped regions are formed on the upper surface of the body so that it is accessible for an operator to apply a pressure to cause these regions to resiliently deform.

One problem with dome-shaped chambers can be that a certain amount of dead space exists within the chamber when an operator compresses it, and for some applications it will be preferable that the dead space is minimised or virtually negligible. To achieve this property, it has been found that flattened domes or other shaped chambers whereby the resiliently deformable portion of chamber can be depressed such that it contacts an opposing wall that defines the chamber and thereby expels all of the contents present therein are generally preferred. For this reason, a flattened dome is especially preferred because it reduces the extent with which the dome needs to be pressed inwards in order to compress the chamber and actuate the dispensing of fluid stored therein. It also reduces the number of presses required to prime the chamber ready for the first use.

In some cases, the resiliently deformable portion of the body defining said chamber may not be sufficiently resilient to retain its original resiliently biased configuration following deformation. This may be the case where the fluid has a high viscosity and hence tends to resist being drawn into the chamber through the inlet. In such cases, extra resilience can be provided by the positioning of one or more resiliently deformable posts within the chamber, which bend when the chamber is compressed and urge the deformed portion of the body back to its original resiliently biased configuration when the applied pressure is removed. Alternatively, one or more thickened ribs of plastic could extend from the edge of the resiliently deformable area towards the middle of this portion. These ribs will increase the resilience of the resiliently deformable area by effectively functioning as a leaf spring, which compresses when a pressure is applied to the resiliently deformable portion of the body, and urges this portion back to its initial resiliently biased configuration when the applied pressure is removed.

Yet another alternative is that a spring or another form of resilient means is disposed in the chamber. As above, the spring will compress when the wall is deformed and, when the applied pressure is removed, will urge the deformed portion of the body to return to its original resiliently biased configuration and, in doing so, urges the compressed chamber back into its original “non-compressed configuration”.

The resiliently deformable portion of the body may be pressed directly by an operator in certain embodiments of the invention. In some cases, this can be a problem because an operator will need to use their finger in order to depress the resiliently deformable portion of the body. This requires a certain amount of co-ordination on the part of the operator as well as a reasonable amount of pressure, which makes such devices less suitable for certain individuals. Furthermore, such devices are difficult to actuate using portions of the body other than a finger, such as the palm of the hand, wrist or elbow.

For this reason, it is preferred that certain embodiments of the invention are adapted in order to provide a rigid actuator surface that an operator can press more conveniently and using any suitable portion of their body.

In such cases, it is preferable that a first portion of the body defining said chamber forms a rigid or substantially rigid actuator surface to which a pressure can be applied and a second portion of the body that defines said chambers is configured to resiliently deform from its initial resiliently biased configuration in response to the application of a pressure to said actuator surface, such that said actuator surface is displaced from an initial resiliently biased position, in which said chambers assume their maximum volume, to a distended position, in which the volume of said chambers is reduced. The reduction in volume causes the pressure within the chambers to increase and fluid to be ejected through the outlet valve. When the applied pressure is then removed, the second portion of the body will then return to its initial resiliently biased configuration and return the actuator surface to its initial resiliently biased position, thereby causing the volume of the chamber to increase and the pressure therein to fall such that fluid is drawn into at least the first the chamber through the inlet valve.

By “substantially rigid” we mean that the actuator surface has a higher rigidity than the second portion of the body and is sufficiently rigid such that, when a pressure is applied to the actuator surface, the second portion of the body deforms while the deformation of the actuator surface is minimal.

Preferably, the actuator surface is disposed on the upper surface of the device. Most preferably, the surface covers substantially the entire upper surface of the device.

Preferably the area of the actuator surface is sufficient to enable an operator to apply a pressure to it using the palm of their hand, elbow and/or wrist.

Preferably the actuator surface is flat or substantially flat, although it may also be curved in certain embodiments. It also preferred that the actuator surface retains its configuration when a pressure is applied, although it may be configured to flex to a limited extent.

It is also preferred that the second portion of the body defining the chamber that is capable of undergoing a resilient deformation when the actuator surface is pressed is a side wall of the chamber or a portion of the base.

The actuator surface may be configured to slide or pivot to compress the chamber when a pressure is applied.

In certain embodiments of the invention the outlet of the dispenser nozzle may be adapted to generate a spray of the fluid ejected from one or more of the chambers of the dispenser nozzle. The outlet of the dispenser nozzle may be adapted to perform this function by any suitable means known in the art. For instance, the outlet orifice of the outlet may be a fine hole configured such that fluid flowing through it under pressure is caused to break up into numerous droplets. In such embodiments, however, it is preferable that the outlet comprises an outlet orifice and an outlet passageway that connects the chamber(s) to the outlet orifice. The outlet valve is preferably disposed within the outlet passageway. It is especially preferred that the outlet passageway comprises one or more internal spray-modifying features that are adapted to reduce the size of liquid droplets dispensed through the outlet orifice of the dispenser nozzle during use. Examples of internal spray modifying features that may be present in the outlet passageway include one or more expansion chambers, one or more swirl chambers, one or more internal spray orifices (adapted to generate a spray of fluid flowing through within the outlet passageway), and one or more venturi chambers. The inclusion of one or more of the aforementioned features is known to affect the size of the spray droplets produced during use of the device. It is believed that these features, when present alone or in combination, contribute to the atomisation of the droplets generated. These spray-modifying features, and the effect that they impart on the properties of the spray produced, are known in the art and are described in, for example, International Patent Publication Number WO 01/89958, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. It shall be appreciated that the provision of the outlet valve upstream from the outlet passageway and the outlet orifice ensures that the fluid enters the outlet passageway with sufficient force for the liquid to be broken up into droplets and form a spray.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the outlet passageway and outlet orifice may be in the form of a separate unit or insert, which can be connected to the outlet of the chamber to form the outlet of the dispenser nozzle. The unit or insert may also be connected to the body of the device by a hinge so as to enable it to be optionally swung into the required position for use and swing out of position when it is not required.

In alternative embodiments of the invention, the liquid present in the chamber(s) may be dispensed as a stream of liquid which is not broken up into droplets. Examples of such liquids dispensed in this form include soaps, shampoos, creams and the like.

The chambers defined by the body may be defined between two or more interconnected parts of the body. It is especially preferred that the chambers of the dispenser nozzle is defined between two interconnected parts, which may be separately formed component parts that fit together to define the chamber or, more preferably, the two parts will be integrally formed with one another as a single component. In the latter case, it is preferred that the two parts are connected together by hinge or foldable connection element which enables the two parts to be moulded together in the same mould and then brought into contact with one another to define the chambers.

In preferred embodiments of the invention in which the outlet comprises the outlet valve, an outlet orifice and an outlet passageway that connects the chambers to the outlet orifice, it is also preferred that the at least two interconnected parts that define the chambers also define at least a portion of the outlet passageway. Most preferably, the two interconnected parts form the outlet valve between them and also define the entire outlet passageway and the outlet orifice.

The outlet passageway is preferably defined between an abutment surface of one of said parts and an opposing abutment surface of another of said parts. One or more of the abutment surfaces preferably comprises one or more grooves and/or recesses formed thereon which define the outlet passageway when the abutment surfaces are contacted together. Most preferably, each of said abutment surfaces comprises a groove and/or recesses formed thereon which align to define the outlet passageway when the abutment surfaces are contacted together. The grooves and/or recesses preferably extend from the chamber to an opposing edge of the abutment surfaces where, when the abutment surfaces are contacted together, an outlet orifice is defined at the end of the outlet passageway. In preferred embodiments where one or more spray modifying features are present in the outlet passageway, the features may be formed by aligning recesses or other formation formed on the abutment surfaces, as illustrated and described in International Patent Publication Number WO 01/89958.

The two parts of the body may be permanently fixed together by, for example, ultrasonically welding or heat welding. If the base and upper part are to be moulded or welded together, then it is preferable that they are made from compatible materials.

Alternatively, the two parts may be configured to fit tightly/resistively to one another to form the nozzle (e.g. by the provision of a snap-fit connection) in the absence of any welding. For instance, the edges of one part may be configured to fit into a retaining groove of the other part to form the dispenser nozzle.

As a further alternative, a compatible plastic material may be moulded over the join of the two parts to secure them together. This can be achieved by moulding the two components simultaneously in a tool, joining them together in the tool to form the dispenser nozzle and then moulding a suitable plastic material around them to hold the two parts together.

In certain embodiments, the two parts may remain releasably attached to one another so that they can be separated during use to enable the chamber and/or the outlet to be cleaned.

It is most preferred that the two parts of the body of the dispenser nozzle that define the chambers are a base part and an upper part. The base part is preferably adapted to be fitted to the opening of a container by a suitable means, such as, for example, a screw thread or snap fit connection. Furthermore, in addition to forming a portion of the body that defines the chamber, the base part also preferably defines the inlet as well as a portion of the outlet passageway leading from the chambers to the outlet orifice in preferred embodiments.

The upper part is adapted to be fitted to the base so that between them they define the chambers and, in preferred embodiments, the outlet valve, outlet passageway and/or outlet orifice. In certain preferred embodiments of the invention, the base and upper part also define the outlet orifice. It is also preferred that the upper part forms the resiliently deformable portion of the body defining the chambers.

It is preferred that the upper part comprises the first portion of the body and the base comprises the second portion of the body defined above.

The body of the nozzle arrangement may be made from any suitable material.

In certain embodiments of the invention where the body comprises two interconnected parts which fit together to define the chambers, the two parts may be made from either the same or different materials. For instance, one of the parts may be made from a flexible/resiliently deformable material, such as a resiliently deformable plastic or rubber material, and the other of said parts may be made from a rigid material, such as a rigid plastic. Such embodiments are preferred for some applications because the flexible/resiliently deformable material forms the second portion of the body defining the chambers and can readily be deformed by an operator pressing the actuator surface to actuate the ejection of fluid present in the chambers. The flexible material can also provide a soft touch feel for the operator. Such embodiments can be made by either moulding the two parts separately and then connecting them together to form the assembled nozzle arrangement, or moulding the two parts in the same tool using a bi-injection moulding process. In the latter case, the two parts could be moulded simultaneously and then fitted together within the moulding tool or, alternatively, one part could be moulded first from a first material and the second part made from a second material could be moulded directly onto the first part.

Alternatively, the two parts may both be made from either a rigid or a flexible material. The rigid and flexible material may be any suitable material from which the dispenser nozzle may be formed. For instance, it may be formed from metallic material such as aluminium foil or a flexible material such as rubber. Preferably, however, the body of the device is formed entirely from a rigid plastic material, although a flexible plastic material could be used provided the first portion of the body is if desired.

It is preferable that the first portion of the body is formed from a rigid plastic material. Most preferably, the entire pump-action dispenser nozzle (i.e. the body and the actuator) is formed from a single rigid plastic material.

The expression “rigid plastic material” is used herein to refer to a plastic material that possesses a high degree of rigidity and strength once moulded into the desired form, but which can also be rendered more flexible or resiliently deformable in portions by reducing the thickness of the plastic. Thus, a thinned section of plastic can be provided to form the at least a portion of the body that defines the chamber and which is configured to resiliently deform.

The term “flexible plastic” is used herein to denote plastics materials which are inherently flexible/resiliently deformable so as to enable the resilient displacement of at least a portion of the body to facilitate the compression of the chamber. The extent of the flexibility of the plastic may be dependent on the thickness of the plastic in any given area or region. Such “flexible plastic” materials are used, for example, in the preparation of shampoo bottles or shower gel containers. In the fabrication of a dispenser nozzle of the present invention, portions of the body may be formed from thicker sections of plastic to provide the required rigidity to the structure, whereas other portions may be composed of thinner sections of plastic to provide the necessary deformability characteristics. If necessary, a framework of thicker sections, generally known as support ribs, may be present if extra rigidity is required in certain areas.

Forming the entire dispenser nozzle from a single material enables the body of the device to be moulded in a single moulding tool and in a single moulding operation, as discussed further below.

The formation of the dispenser nozzle from a single material, particularly in preferred embodiments where the two parts are integrally formed and connected to one another by a foldable connection element or a hinged joint so that the upper part can be swung into contact with the base part to form the assembled dispenser nozzle, avoids the requirement for the assembly of multiple, separate component parts. Furthermore, forming the dispenser nozzle from a single material provides the possibility of possibility of welding the two parts together (e.g. by heat or ultrasonic welding) or, if the plastic material is a rigid plastic material, then a snap-fit connection can be formed between the upper part and the base. The latter option also enables the upper part and base to be disconnected periodically for cleaning.

For most applications the dispenser nozzle would need to be made from a rigid material to provide the necessary strength for the actuator surface and enable the two-parts to be either snap fitted or welded together. In such cases, the deformable portion of the body tends to deform only when a certain minimum threshold pressure is applied and this makes the pump action more like the on/off action associated conventional pump-action dispenser nozzles. However, in certain applications, a flexible material may be preferred.

The second portion of the body configured to resiliently deform could be a relatively thin section of a rigid plastic material which elastically deforms to compress the chamber when a pressure is applied and then subsequently returns to its initial resiliently biased configuration when the applied pressure is removed.

In most cases, however, it is preferable that the abutment surfaces that define the outlet passageway of the outlet are formed from a rigid plastic material. Although flexible/resiliently deformable materials could be used for this purpose they are generally less preferred because any spray-modifying features present will typically need to be precisely formed from a rigid material. Thus, in some embodiments of the invention, one of the two parts that defines the outlet and the chamber may be formed from two materials, namely a rigid material that forms the abutment surface that defines the outlet passageway and the outlet orifice, and a resiliently deformable material that defines the chamber.

In order to function optimally, it is necessary that the outlet of the first chamber at least is provided with, or is adapted to function as, a one-way valve. Preferably, both chambers comprise a one way outlet valve, but in some instances the outlet valve for the second chamber may be a two way valve (e.g. if the second chamber is an air chamber—to permit air to be drawn into the second chamber), as discussed above.

The provision of one way valves enables fluid stored in each chamber to be dispensed through the outlet only when a predetermined minimum threshold pressure is achieved within the chamber (as a consequence of the reduction in the volume of the internal chambers caused by the displacement of the resiliently deformable portion of the body from its initial resiliently biased configuration), and close the outlets at all other times. The closure of the valve when the pressure in the chambers is below a predetermined minimum threshold pressure prevents air being sucked back through the outlet into the chamber when the applied pressure to the resiliently deformable portion of the body is released and the volume of the chamber increases as the resiliently deformable wall re-assumes its initial resiliently biased configuration.

Any suitable one-way valve assembly that is capable of forming an airtight seal may be used. However, it is preferable that the valves are formed by the component parts of the body of the dispenser nozzle. Most preferably, the valves are formed between the abutment surfaces that define outlet passageway.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the outlet valves are formed by one of the abutment surfaces defining the outlet passageway being resiliently biased against the opposing abutment surface to close off a portion of the length of the outlet passageway. In this regard, the valves will only open to permit fluid to be dispensed from the chambers when the pressure within each chamber is sufficient to cause the resiliently biased abutment surface to deform away from the opposing abutment surface and thereby form an open channel through which fluid from each chamber can flow. Once the pressure falls below a predetermined minimum threshold value, the resiliently biased surface will return to its resiliently biased configuration and close off the passageway.

In certain embodiments of the invention, it is especially preferred that the resiliently biased abutment surface is integrally formed with the resiliently deformable portion of the body, which defines the chamber.

In embodiments where the body is made entirely from a rigid plastic material, the resistance provided by the resiliently biased surface (which may be a thin section of rigid plastic) may not be sufficiently resilient to achieve the required minimum pressure threshold for the optimal functioning of the device. In such cases, a thickened rib of plastic, which extends across the passageway, may be formed to provide the necessary strength and resistance in the outlet passageway/valves. Alternatively, a rigid reinforcing rib could be provided above part of the outlet passageway/valves.

In an alternative preferred embodiment, one or more of the outlet valves may be formed by a resiliently deformable member formed on one of said abutment surfaces which extends across the outlet passageway to close off and seal the passageway. The member is mounted to the device along one of its edges and has another of its edges preferably the opposing edge) free, the free end being configured to displace when the pressure within the chamber(s) exceeds a predetermined minimum threshold value. The free end abuts a surface of the outlet channel to form a seal therewith when the pressure is below the predetermined minimum threshold value. However, when the pressure exceeds the predetermined minimum threshold value, the free end of the member is displaced from the abutment surface of the channel to form an opening through which the fluid present in the chamber(s) can flow to the outlet. Preferably, the resiliently deformable member is positioned within a chamber formed along the length of the outlet channel or passageway. Most preferably, the abutment surface, which forms the seal with the free end of the member at pressures below the minimum threshold, is tapered or sloped at the point of contact with the free end of the member. This provides a point seal contact and provides a much more efficient seal. It will of course be appreciated that the slope or taper of the abutment surface must be arranged so that the free end of the resiliently deformable member contacts the slope when the pressure within the chamber is below the predetermined minimum threshold, but distends away from it when the predetermined minimum threshold is exceeded.

Alternatively, the valve may be a post or plug formed on the abutment surface of one of the base or upper parts and which contacts the opposing abutment surface to close off and seal the passageway. The post or plug will be mounted to a deformable area of the base or upper part so that when the pressure within the chamber(s) exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the post or plug can be deformed to define an opening through which fluid can flow through the outlet.

The predetermined minimum pressure that must be achieved within the chamber(s) in order to open the outlet valve will depend on the application concerned. A person skilled in the art will appreciate how to modify the properties of the resiliently deformable surface by, for example, the selection of an appropriate resiliently deformable material or varying the manner in which the surface is fabricated (e.g. by the inclusion of strengthening ridges).

To ensure that fluid is only ejected through the outlet when the chamber is compressed by displacing the resiliently deformable portion of the body into the chamber from its initial resiliently biased configuration, it is necessary to provide a one-way inlet valve disposed at or in the inlet of the nozzle device.

Any suitable inlet valve may be used.

The inlet valve may be adapted to only open and permit fluid to flow into the chamber when the pressure within the chamber falls below a predetermined minimum threshold pressure (as is the case when the pressure applied to the resiliently deformable portion of the chamber to compress the chamber is released and the volume of the chamber increases as the resiliently deformable portion reassumes it's initial resiliently biased configuration). In such cases, the inlet valve may be a flap valve which consists of a resiliently deformable flap positioned over the inlet opening. The flap is preferably resiliently biased against the inlet opening and adapted to deform so as to allow fluid to be drawn into the chamber through the inlet when the pressure within the chamber falls below a predetermined minimum threshold pressure. At all other times, however, the inlet will be closed, thereby preventing fluid flowing back from the chamber into the inlet. It is especially preferred that the resiliently deformable flap is formed as an integral extension of the resiliently deformable portion of the body which defines the chamber. It is also especially preferred that the base defines the inlet and the resiliently deformable portion of the body is formed by the upper part. It is therefore preferred that the upper part comprises the resiliently deformable flap that extends within said chamber to cover the inlet opening to the chamber and form the inlet valve.

Alternatively, the flap may not be resiliently biased against the inlet opening and may instead be disposed over the inlet opening and configured such that it is pressed against the inlet only when the chamber is compressed and the pressure therein increases.

Problems can arise, however, with the simple provision of a flap valve that is resiliently biased over the inlet opening. Specifically, over time the elastic limit of the material from which the flap is formed may be exceeded, which may cause it to not function properly. This problem applies particularly to embodiments of the invention in which the flap is formed from a thin section of a rigid material, although it also applies to a lesser extent to flexible materials and can occur due to deformation of the flap when the chamber is compressed, as well as when the flap deforms to open the valve. As a consequence, fluid could leak from the chamber back into the container through the inlet.

For these reasons it is preferable that flap valve comprises a number of adaptations. In particular, it is preferred that the inlet has a raised lip extending around the inlet orifice that the resiliently deformable flap abuts to create a tight seal around the inlet. The provision of a lip ensures a good contact is obtained with the flap. In embodiments where the lip is very small it may be necessary to provide one or more additional support ribs at either side of the inlet opening to ensure that a proper seal is formed and to also prevent the lip from damage.

A further preferred feature is that the flap possesses a protrusion or plug formed on its surface. The protrusion or plug extends a short way into the inlet opening and abuts the side edges to further enhance the seal formed.

It is also preferred that the inlet opening to the chamber is disposed at an elevated position within the chamber so that fluid flows into the chamber through the inlet and drops down into a holding or reservoir area. This prevents fluid resting on the top of the inlet valve over prolonged periods by effectively distancing the inlet opening from the main fluid holding/reservoir area of the chamber and thereby reduces the likelihood of any leaks occurring over time.

It is also preferred that a second reinforcing flap or member contacts the opposing surface of the resiliently deformable flap to urge it into tight abutment with the inlet opening. It is also preferred that the second reinforcing flap contact the opposing surface of the resiliently deformable flap at or close to the portion of the opposing surface that covers the inlet orifice to maximise the vertical pressure of the main flap over the hole. Again this helps to maintain the integrity of the seal.

The dispenser nozzle may also be provided with a locking means to prevent the fluid being dispensed accidentally.

In such embodiments the lock will be integral part of the body and will not be a separate component connected to the body. For instance, the locking means may be hinged bar or member that is integrally connected to a part of the body (e.g. either the base or upper part) and which can be swung into a position whereby the bar or member prevents the outlet valves from opening.

The locking means may also comprise a rigid cover that can be placed over the resiliently deformable portion of the body to prevent it being compressed. The cover may be connected to the dispenser nozzle by a hinge to enable it to be folded over when required. Alternatively, the rigid cover may be a slidable over cap that can be slid downwards to compress the chamber during use. The cover can be twisted to lock it and thereby prevent the accident actuation of the device.

The device may further comprise an air leak through which air can flow to equalise any pressure differential between the interior of the container and the external environment. In some cases, the air leak may simply occur through gaps in the fitting between the dispenser nozzle and the container, but this is not preferred because leakage may occur if the container is inverted or shaken. In preferred embodiments, the dispenser nozzle further comprises an air leak valve, i.e. a one-way valve that is adapted to permit air to flow into the container, but prevents any fluid leaking out of the container if it is inverted. Any suitable one-way valve system would suffice. It is preferred, however, that the air leak valve is integrally formed within the body of the dispenser or, more preferably, between two component parts of the body of the dispenser.

Most preferably, the air leak valve is formed between the upper part and base which define the chamber of the dispenser nozzle.

Preferably, the air leak valve comprises a valve member disposed within a channel that is defined by the body of the device and connects the interior of the fluid supply to the external environment. Most preferably, the valve member is resiliently biased so as to contact the sides of the channel and forms a sealing engagement therewith to prevent any liquid from leaking out of the container, the valve member being further adapted to either resiliently deform or displace from the sealing engagement with the sides of the channel to define an opening through which air can flow into the container when pressure within the container falls below the external pressure by at least a minimum threshold amount. Once the pressure differential between the interior and the exterior of the container has been reduced to below the minimum threshold pressure, the valve member returns to it position in which the channel is closed.

Preferably, the valve member is in the form of a plunger that extends into the channel and comprises an outwardly extending wall that abuts the sides of the channel to form a seal. Preferably, the outwardly extending wall is additionally angled towards the interior of the container. This configuration means that a high pressure within the container and exerted on the wall of the valve member will cause the wall to remain in abutment with the sides of the channel. Thus, the integrity of the seal is maintained thereby preventing liquid from leaking out through the valve. Conversely, when pressure within the container falls below the external pressure by at least a minimum threshold amount, the wall is deflected away from the sides of the container to permit air to flow into the container to equalise or reduce the pressure differential.

It is especially preferred that the plunger is mounted on to a deformable base or flap which is capable of some movement when the dome is pressed to displace any residue that may have accumulated in the air leak valve. In addition, the provision of a moveable (e.g. resiliently deformable) element within the air leak valve is preferred because it helps to prevent the valve becoming clogged during use.

In certain embodiments of the invention it is also preferred that a protective cover is provided over the opening of the female tube on the internal surface of the device to prevent liquid present in the interior of the container from contacting the valve member with a high or excessive force when the container is inverted or shaken aggressively. The cover will allow air and some fluid to flow past, but will prevent fluid impacting on the seal formed by the flared end of the plunger directly, and thus will prevent the seal being exposed to excessive forces.

In an alternative embodiment, the channel of the air leak valve may be resiliently deformable instead of the male part. This arrangement can be configured so that the side walls of the channel distort to permit air to flow into the container.

The valve member and channel could be made from the same material or different materials. For instance, they may both be made from a semi-flexible plastic or the female element may be made from a rigid plastic and the male part made from a resiliently deformable material.

With certain products stored in containers over time there is a problem associated with gas building up inside the bottle over time. To release the build up of pressure, which can inevitably occur, a release valve is required. The air leak valve described above can be modified to additionally perform this function by providing one or more fine grooves in the side of the channel. These fine groove(s) will permit gas to slowly seep out of the container, by-passing the seal formed by the contact of the valve member with the sides of the channel, but prevent or minimise the volume of liquid that may seep out. Preferably, the groove or grooves formed in the side walls of the channel is/are formed on the external side of the point of contact between the valve member and the sides of the channel so that it/they are only exposed when the pressure inside the container increases and acts on the plunger to cause it to deform outwards (relative to the container). The plunger will return to its resiliently biased position in which the grooves are not exposed once any excess gas has been emitted. No liquid product should be lost during this process.

Alternatively, the gas pressure within the container could urge the valve member outwards so that it is displaced from the channel and defines an opening through which the gas could flow.

In preferred embodiments of the invention comprising at least two component parts, it is preferred that a seal is disposed at the join between the at least two interconnected parts to prevent any fluid leaking out of the dispenser nozzle.

Any suitable seal would suffice. For instance, the two parts could be welded to one another or one part could be configured to snap fit into a sealing engagement with the other part or have possess a flange around its perimeter that fits tightly around the upper surface of the other part to form a seal therewith.

Preferably, the seal comprises a male protrusion formed on the abutment surface of one of the at least two parts that is received in a sealing engagement with a corresponding groove formed on the opposing abutment surface of the other part when the two parts are connected together.

The seal preferably extends around the entire chamber and the sides of the outlet passageway so that fluid leaking from any position within the chamber and or outlet passageway is prevented from seeping between the join between the two component parts. In certain embodiments where the outlet orifice is not defined between the two component parts of the body, it is preferred that the seal extends around the entire chamber and any portion of the outlet that is defined between the two interconnected parts of the body.

In certain embodiments that comprise an outlet passageway the protrusion member may extend across the passageway and form the resiliently deformable valve member of the outlet valve. This portion of the protrusion will usually be thinner to provide the necessary resilience in the valve member to permit it to perform its function.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the male protrusion may be configured to snap fit into the groove or, alternatively, the male protrusion may be configured to resistively fit into the groove in a similar manner to the way in which a plug fits into the hole of a sink.

In most cases, a dip tube will be integrally formed with the nozzle, or alternatively the body of the dispenser may comprise a recess into which a separate dip tube can be fitted. The dip tube enables fluid to be drawn from deep inside the container during use and thus, will be present in virtually all cases.

In embodiments where the second chamber additionally comprises an inlet through which fluid is drawn from a fluid source, then two dip tubes will usually be present.

Alternatively, it may be desirable with some containers, particularly small volume containers, such as glues, perfume bottles and nasal sprays, to omit the dip tube, because the device itself could extend into the container to draw the product into the dispenser nozzle during use, or the container could be inverted to facilitate the priming of the dispenser with fluid. Alternatively, the device may further comprise a fluid compartment formed as an integral part of device from which fluid can be drawn directly into the inlet of the nozzle without the need for a dip tube.

In most cases it is preferable that the dispenser nozzle is adapted to be fitted to container by some suitable means, e.g. a snap fit or a screw thread connection. In certain cases, however, the dispenser nozzle could be incorporated into a container as an integral part. For instance, the dispenser nozzle could be integrally moulded with various forms of plastic container, such as rigid containers or bags. This is possible because the device can be moulded as a single material and, therefore, can be integrally moulded with containers made from the same or a similar compatible material.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a container having a pump-action dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined fitted to an opening thereof so as to enable the fluid stored in the container to be dispensed from the container through said dispenser nozzle during use.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a container having a pump-action dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined integrally formed therewith so as to enable the fluid stored in the container to be dispensed from the container through said dispenser nozzle during use.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pump-action dispenser nozzle having a body which defines two or more fluid-filled internal chambers, each of said chambers comprising a fluid and having an outlet through which fluid present in the chamber may be expelled from the nozzle, said outlet comprising an outlet valve configured to only permit fluid to flow out of the chamber and be expelled from the nozzle when the pressure within the chamber exceeds the external pressure at the outlet by at least a minimum threshold amount, and wherein at least a portion of the body which defines said chamber is configured to resiliently deform so as to enable the said portion of the body to be displaced from an initial resiliently biased configuration in which said chamber assumes its maximum volume, to a distended or deformed configuration, in which the volume of said chamber is reduced, by the application of a pressure, said reduction in volume causing the pressure within the chamber to increase and fluid to be ejected through the outlet valve.

The nozzle arrangements of the fourth aspect of the invention are the same as those defined above for the first aspect of the invention, except that the dispenser does not comprise an inlet/inlet valve through which fluid can be drawn into the internal chamber. Instead, the entire fluid supply is stored within the chamber. The device may be a single use dispenser whereby the entire contents of the chamber are dispensed when the resiliently deformable portion of the body is deformed. Alternatively, the portion of the body may only be partially deformed to eject a proportion of the contents of the chamber and then deformed further if more fluid is to be dispensed.

Another difference is that the body will just deform when a pressure is applied and will not subsequently return to its initial resiliently biased configuration due to the absence of the inlet.

The outlet and outlet valve are preferably as defined above in relation to the first aspect of the present invention.

The body of the device may be made from any suitable material. It may also be made from two or more interconnected parts, as previously described. Each part may be made from the same material or a different material.

In some embodiments of the invention, the entire body defining the chamber may be resiliently deformable. Alternatively, only a portion of the body may be configured to resiliently deform.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pump-action dispenser nozzle adapted to enable fluid stored in a fluid source to be dispensed through said nozzle during use, said nozzle having a body which defines a first chamber having an inlet through which fluid may be drawn into said chamber and an outlet through which fluid present in the chamber may be expelled from the nozzle, said inlet comprising an inlet valve adapted to only permit fluid to flow into the chamber through the inlet when the pressure within the chamber falls below the pressure within the fluid source by at least a minimum threshold amount and said outlet comprising an outlet valve configured to only permit fluid to flow out of the chamber and be expelled from the nozzle when the pressure therein exceeds the external pressure at the outlet by at least a minimum threshold amount, and a second chamber which comprises at least an outlet and an outlet valve, and wherein at least a portion of the body which defines said chambers is configured to:

(i) be displaceable from an initial resiliently biased configuration to a distended or deformed configuration in response to the application of a pressure, whereby the volume of said chamber defined by said portion of the body is reduced as said portion of the body is deformed from said initial configuration to said distended or deformed configuration, said reduction in volume causing the pressure within the chamber to increase and fluid to be ejected through the outlet valve; and

(ii) subsequently return to its initial resiliently biased position when the applied pressure is removed, thereby causing the volume of the chambers to increase and the pressure therein to fall such that further fluid is at least drawn into the first chamber through the inlet valve.

Preferably the dispenser nozzle is as defined above.

In addition, it is also preferable, the part of the body that can be displaced inwards to reduce the volume of the chamber and thereby cause fluid present in said chamber to be ejected through the outlet is a piston mounted within a piston channel. The piston channel may form the entire chamber or, alternatively, just a portion thereof.

Preferably, the dispenser nozzle comprises a means for displacing the piston inwards from its initial position and then subsequently returning it is initial position. This may be achieved by any suitable means, such as, for example, a trigger or over cap connected to the piston which can be operated to displace the piston, when desired. Preferably, the means for displacing the piston inwards from its initial position is resiliently biased so that the piston will be returned to its initial position after use.

The dispenser nozzles of the present invention may be made by any suitable methodology know in the art.

As previously described, preferred embodiments of the invention comprise a body having two parts (a base and upper part) which fit together to define at least the chamber of the device and, more preferably, the chamber and at least a portion of the outlet.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined, said dispenser nozzle having a body composed of at least two interconnected parts and said method comprising the steps of:

-   -   (i) moulding said parts of the body; and     -   (ii) connecting said parts of the body together to form the body         of the dispenser nozzle.

Each part of the body may be a separate component part, in which case the component parts are initially formed and then assembled together to form the dispenser nozzle.

Alternatively, and more preferably, the two parts of the body or one of the parts of the body and the trigger actuator may be integrally formed with one another and connected by a bendable/foldable connection element. In such cases, the connected parts are formed in a single moulding step and then assembled together with the remaining part to form the dispenser nozzle. For instance, the base and upper part of the preferred embodiments of the device may be integrally formed and connected to one another by a foldable/bendable connection element. Thus, the entire device will be formed in a single moulding step from a single material. Once formed, the upper part can be folded over and connected to the base to form the assembled dispenser nozzle.

As an alternative, the dispenser nozzle may be formed by a bi-injection moulding process whereby a first component part the body is formed and a second part is then moulded onto the first part. Each part may be moulded from the same or a different material.

Once the two parts of the body are connected to one another to form the assembled body of the device, the two parts may be over moulded with another plastic to hold the two parts together

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined, said dispenser nozzle having a body composed of at least two interconnected parts and said method comprising the steps of:

-   -   (i) moulding a first of said parts of the body in a first         processing step; and     -   (ii) over-moulding the second of said parts onto the first of         said parts in a second processing step to form the body of the         dispenser nozzle.

The at least two parts are preferably moulded within the same moulding tool in a bi-injection moulding process. Usually the first part will be the base part of the dispenser nozzle and the second part will be the upper part.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined, said dispenser nozzle having a body composed of at least two interconnected parts and said method comprising the steps of:

-   -   (i) moulding a first of said parts of the body in a first         processing step together with a framework or base for a second         of said parts; and     -   (ii) over-moulding onto the framework or base to form the second         of said parts of the assembled dispenser nozzle.

The framework for the second part may be fitted to the base prior to the over-moulding step.

Alternatively, the over-moulding may take place before the framework for the second part is fitted to the first part.

The over-moulding may be the same material to that of the first part and the framework of the second part or it may be a different material.

It is especially preferred that the base is moulded first from a rigid plastic material together with the framework support for the upper part. The framework for the upper part is preferably connected to the base by a hinged or foldable connection member, which enables the framework to be folded over and fitted to the base during the assembly of the final product. The framework is over moulded with a compatible flexible, resiliently deformable plastic material which forms the resiliently deformable portion of the body that defines the chamber. The resiliently deformable plastic material may also form resiliently deformable valve members for the outlet valve and the inlet valve. It may also extend over other parts of the nozzle surface to provide a soft-touch feel to the device when an operator grips it. The rigid framework of the upper part may form an outer edge of the upper part, which forms the point of connection with the base and, in embodiments where a spray nozzle passageway is present, the framework may also form an upper abutment surface which contacts a lower abutment surface formed the base to define the spray passageway and outlet orifice.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of manufacturing a dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined, said dispenser nozzle having a body composed of at least two interconnected parts and said method comprising the steps of:

-   -   (i) moulding a first of said parts of the body in a first         processing step together with a framework or base for a second         of said parts; and     -   (ii) positioning an insert portion of the body such that said         insert is retained within the framework of the second part of         the body when said framework is connected to the first parts of         the body, said framework and insert forming the second part of         the body.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a dispenser nozzle as hereinbefore defined, said dispenser nozzle having a body composed of at least two interconnected parts and wherein said parts are connected to one another by a connection element such that said parts are moveable relative to one another, said method comprising the steps of:

-   -   (i) moulding the parts of the body together with said connection         elements in a single moulding step; and     -   (ii) moving said parts of the body into engagement with one         another to form the body of the dispenser nozzle.

The dispenser nozzles of the present invention may be made by a number of different moulding techniques.

Preferably, a blowing agent is incorporated into the mould together with the plastic material. The blowing agent produces bubbles of gas within the moulded plastic that prevent the occurrence of a phenomenon known as sinkage from occurring. The problem of sinkage and the use of blowing agents in the manufacture of blowing agents to address this problem is described further in the applicant's co-pending International Patent Publication No. WO03/049916, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

How the invention may be put into practice will now be described by way of example only, in reference to the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a dispenser nozzle of the present invention with the two component parts of the body separated;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of further embodiment of the invention with the two component parts of the body separated;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of further embodiment of the invention with the two component parts of the body separated;

FIG. 4A is a perspective view of further embodiment of the invention with the two component parts of the body separated A is a cross-sectional view of the dispenser nozzle shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A in the assembled configuration;

FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X′ of FIG. 4B; and

FIG. 4D is a further cross-sectional view taken along line X-X′ of FIG. 4B when the dispenser nozzle has been actuated.

In the following description of the figures, like reference numerals are used to denote like or corresponding parts in different figures, where appropriate.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a dispenser nozzle of the present invention. The device, which is adapted to dispense fluids in the form of a spray, comprises a body 100 formed of two parts, namely a base part 101 and an upper part 102. The base 101 and upper part 102 are connected to one another by a foldable connection element 103.

The base 101 is adapted to be fitted to a container (not shown) to permit fluid stored in said container to be drawn to, and dispensed from, said device during use.

In this embodiment, the body 100 is formed from a single rigid plastic material in a single moulding operation. The device will be moulded in the configuration shown in FIG. 1 and then the upper part 102 will be folded over about the connection element 103 and fitted to the upper surface of the base 101 to form the assembled nozzle arrangement. Once the base 101 and the upper part 102 are fitted together, the portion 102 a of the under surface of the upper part 102 abuts the abutment portion/surface 101 a of the upper surface of the base 101. The recessed portions 101 b and 101 c of the upper surface of the base 101 are aligned with corresponding recessed portions 102 b and 102 c respectively, that formed in the under surface of the upper part 102 to define two separate internal chambers.

Each chamber comprises an inlet orifice 104 a and 104 b formed in the base. Each inlet orifice is disposed within a respective recess 105 a and 105 b, as shown in FIG. 1. When the upper part 102 is fitted to the base 101, the resiliently deformable flaps 106 a and 106 b are received within the recesses 105 a and 105 b respectively. The flaps 106 a and 106 b are resiliently biased against the openings of the inlet orifices 104 a and 104 b respectively to form inlet valves. Thus, fluid is only drawn into the two chambers when the pressures within the inlet orifice exceeds the pressure within the chamber such that said flaps are displaced away from the openings of the inlet orifices 104 a and 104 b to permit fluid to flow into chambers. Each inlet orifice 104 a and 104 b will be connected to different fluid supplies, such as separate compartments within the container to which the device is attached. Alternatively, one of the chambers may draw air (or any other form of gas) from the container or the external environment. In the latter case, an air inlet could simply be formed within the body of the device to permit air to be drawn in form the external environment.

The outlet comprises an outlet passageway and outlet orifice defined by the abutment surfaces 101 a and 102 a when they are contacted together. The passageway is formed by the alignment of grooves 106, 107 and 108 with grooves 109, 110 and 111 respectively, and chambers formed within the outlet passageway are formed by the alignment of recesses 112 and 113 with recesses 114 and 115 respectively.

Therefore, fluid dispensed from the chamber formed by recesses 101 b/102 b during use travels through the chamber formed by the alignment of recesses 112/114 and then into the chamber formed by the alignment of recesses 113/115 before being ejected through the outlet orifice. Fluid dispensed from the chamber formed by recesses 101 c/102 c during use travels through to the chamber formed by the alignment of recesses 113/115, where it mixes with the fluid dispensed from the other chamber prior to ejection through the outlet orifice.

The provision of the chambers formed within the passageway has been found to contribute to the break up of liquid droplets dispensed from the dispenser nozzle, thereby enabling a fine spray to be produced.

The outlet passageway leading from each chamber will also comprise an outlet valve (not shown) positioned up stream from the chambers so that fluid will only be ejected when the pressure within the chamber exceeds a predetermined minimum threshold value. The valve can be formed by the provision of a resiliently deformable flap or other member in the outlet passageway, which can deform from an initial resiliently-biased position in which the passageway is closed to define an opening through which fluid can flow when the pressure within the chamber is at or exceeds the predetermined threshold value.

The device would also preferably comprise sealing means to ensure that the upper part and base are tightly bound together. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a plastic can be moulded over the join to create a suitably tight seal. Alternatively, one of the parts may be provided with a ridge protrusion, which encircles the recesses and the sides of the grooves/recesses that define the outlet passageway, and which forms a sealing engagement with a correspondingly shaped groove formed on the opposing abutment surface. The ridge protrusion and corresponding groove will fit tightly together to assist in holding the base 101 and the upper part 102 in tight abutment with one another. The ridge and groove also form a seal that prevents any fluid leaking out of the chambers or outlet passageways and seeping between the upper part 102 and the base 101.

In an alternative embodiment, the air leak valve may be a post or flap positioned within a hole which can resiliently deform to open the passageway when a pressure differential exists, thereby allowing air to flow into the container from the external environment.

During use, fluid is dispensed from the dispenser nozzle by depressing the portions 102 b and 102 c on the upper surface of the assembled device. These portions form the resiliently deformable portion of the body. When the applied pressure is removed, the portion 102 b and 102 c return to their initially biased configurations, thereby causing the volume of the chambers to increase and fluid to be drawn into each chamber through the inlets 104 a and 104 b.

In embodiments where one chamber, for instance the chamber formed by the alignment of recesses 101 c/102 c, contains air, the compression of the chambers together causes the air stream ejected from this chamber to mix with a liquid dispensed from the other chamber. This mixing will break up the droplets of liquid and assist in the formation of a fine spray when the liquid is dispensed through the outlet.

FIG. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention adapted to dispense two liquids simultaneously in the form of a spray. This embodiment is in many respect similar to that shown in FIG. 1 (as shown by the like reference numerals). However, there are some differences. Firstly, the upper part 102 is connected to the base 101 at the front, rather than at the side, as shown in FIG. 1. The upper part 102 is therefore simply flipped over by bending/folding the connection element 103 and fitting it to the base 101 to form the assembled dispenser nozzle.

The device shown in FIG. 2 is also configured to dispense two liquids separately so that they only mix outside of the dispenser nozzle by the merging of the two separate sprays, which is desirable for certain applications. It shall of course be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, the outlet passageways could be configured to merge in a similar manner to the outlet passageways of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.

The outlet passageways also differ in that a passageway is formed by the alignment of grooves 201 and 202. The passageway extends to a swirl chamber formed by the alignment of semi-circular recesses 203 and 204. Thus, fluid dispensed from each chamber during use flows along the passageway and into the swirl chamber whereby rotational flow is induced into the fluid stream prior to ejection through the outlet orifice. Swirl chambers are known in the art and are again used to break up fluid droplets prior to ejection through the outlet.

A further difference over the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is that the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 also comprises two air release valves. The air release valves are formed by valve members 205 and 206 formed on the under surface of the upper part 102 being received within openings 207 and 208 respectively formed on the abutment surface 101 a of the base when the nozzle arrangement is assembled. The openings 207 and 208 both define passageways through which air may flow into the container from the outside in the assembled nozzle arrangement. The tip of the resiliently deformable member is provided with a flared rim, the edges of which abut the internal walls of the opening to form an airtight seal. If a reduced pressure exists in the container as a consequence of expelling fluid through the nozzle arrangement, the pressure differential between the interior of the container and the external environment causes the flared rim of the member to deform inwards, thereby permitting air to flow into the container from the external environment. Once the pressure differential has been equalised, the flared rim returns to its initial resiliently biased configuration to prevent any further air flow through the opening. It shall also be appreciated that if the container is inverted, the product cannot leak past the rim of the resiliently deformable member and any pressure that is applied, by squeezing the container for example, simply pushes the flared rim into tighter abutment with the walls of the opening.

In an alternative embodiment, the air leak valve may be a post or flap positioned within a hole which can resiliently deform to open the passageway when a pressure differential exists, thereby allowing air to flow into the container from the external environment.

In a further alternative, the resiliently deformable upper part 102 could comprise a fine slit above an opening similar to openings 207 and 208. This slit could be configured to open when a pressure differential exists.

In yet another alternative, the valve member may be a post or plug formed on the upper part 102 which blocks an opening formed in the base and is only displaced when the upper part is pressed downwards to actuate the dispensing of the fluid present in the chamber.

Yet another difference is that the upper part comprises ridge protrusions 209 which encircle each recess (102 b and 102 c) and extend either side of the grooves/recesses 201-204 that define each outlet passageway. These protrusions are received in a sealing engagement with corresponding grooves 210 formed on the upper surface of the base 101 when the upper part and base are fitted together. The seal formed prevents any fluid leaking from the chamber or the outlet passageway from seeping between the join between the upper part 102 and the base 101. The ridge protrusion also extends across the outlet passageway to form an outlet valve member. This portion of the protrusion can forms a flap valve which can deform to permit fluid to flow along the each passageway only when a predetermined minimum threshold pressure is achieved within each chamber. At all other times the valve member closes off the passageway.

FIG. 3 shows a further alternative embodiment of the invention, which is identical to the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, except that, instead of being configured to dispense fluid in the form of a spray, the dispenser nozzle 301 is configured to dispense a bolus of fluid (such as viscous fluid). Therefore, the device comprises straight outlet passageway which is wider than those of previous embodiments and also does not possess any of the chambers.

The pump dispensers shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 all comprise two generally dome-shaped protrusions on the upper surface of the assembled device, which must be pressed by an operator to compress the chambers and cause the contents stored therein to be expelled through the outlet. One potential problem with such designs is that the operator needs to press the dome using their finger, which requires the operator to position their finger in the correct location to ensure that the chamber is fully compressed. It has also been found that a relatively high pressure is required to press the dome to a sufficient extent, which can be a further disadvantage, especially as it is commonplace for people to actuate conventional pump dispensers by applying pressure with a different portion of the their hand, such as using their palm, or even using their elbow or forearm. In these instances, it would be much more problematical to adequately compress the dome using, for example, the palm of the hand in order actuate the ejection of fluid from the device.

Accordingly, a further modified embodiment of the present invention has been developed that can be actuated by an operator using any part of their hand or arm by the provision of a rigid or substantially rigid actuator surface, and this embodiment is illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4D. FIG. 4A shows the embodiment in dissembled form, i.e. with the base 101 and upper part 102 disconnected from one another. The base 101 is connected to the upper part 102 by the bendable/foldable connection element 103. The base comprises two outlet orifices 401 a and 401 b, i.e. one for each chamber formed by the alignment of recesses 101 b/102 b and 101 c/102 c. Each outlet receives a plug member 402 a and 402 b respectively formed on the upper part 102.

As previously described, the upper part 102 can be swung over and fitted to the upper surface of the base 101 to form an assembled nozzle arrangement, as shown in FIG. 4B. Referring to FIG. 4B, it can be seen that the assembled dispenser nozzle comprises a large actuator surface as its upper surface, which is formed by portion 102 b and 102 c of the upper part.

Referring to FIG. 4C, which shows a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X′ of FIG. 4B, it can be seen that, in the assembled configuration, the protrusion 403 extending around the perimeter of the region 101 b of the base 101 is received in a sealing engagement with a groove 404 formed in the upper part 102 to form a sealed connection between the base 101 and the upper part 102. The resiliently deformable flap 106 a is also received within the recess 105 a formed in the base surrounding the inlet 104 a to form the inlet valve.

The upper part 102 also possess two elements 405 which comprise indents 405 a adapted to receive the tips of two pivot protrusions 406 formed on the upper surface of the base 101. This arrangement enables the upper part 102 to pivot relative to the base so that the portion 102 b of the upper part can be displaced towards the portion 101 a of the upper surface of the base 101 to compress the chamber 410, as shown in FIG. 4D.

The upper part forms the first portion/actuator surface 102 b/c of the body of the device. The second resiliently deformable portion of the body device is provided by the resiliently deformable side wall 411 of the base. The wall 411 is resiliently biased to assume the configuration shown in FIG. 4C, whereby the actuator surface 102 b is displaced from the base 101 and the chamber 410 assumes its maximum volume.

When a pressure is applied to the actuator surface 102 b in the direction of arrow 415, the resiliently deformable wall 2504 deforms such that the actuator surface is displaced towards the portion 101 b of the upper surface of the base 101, thereby compressing the chamber. The increased pressure within the chamber displaces the plug 402 a from the outlet 401 a and fluid is dispensed from the chamber. Any suitable outlet valve described herein may be used instead of the plug 402 a. When the applied pressure is released, the wall 411 returns to its initial resiliently-biased configuration, as shown in FIG. 4C, thereby increasing the volume of the chamber, reducing the pressure therein and causing more fluid to be drawn into the chamber through the inlet 104 a.

The plug 402 a effectively functions as a pre-compression valve ensuring that fluid is only dispensed from the chamber 410 when the pressure therein is sufficient to displace the plug from the outlet orifice. In order to enable fluid to pass the plug 402 a, it is preferably hollow so that it can deform to define a channel or, alternatively, it may be displaceable in which case there must be sufficient space above the plug to enable it to be displaced away from the outlet orifice.

In addition, the device may optionally include a locking member 420 which is integrally formed with the upper part 102 and which can be swung into abutment with the base 101, as shown in FIG. 4C, to prevent the upper part 102 from being able to pivot and compress the chamber 410. Hence, the device is locked and its accidental actuation will be inhibited. The locking member 420 can be disengaged from the base 101 to enable the device to be operated in the manner described above.

The main difference between this embodiment and those previously described is that the actuator surface 102 b/c of the upper part 102 is substantially rigid and does not deform when a pressure is applied. Instead, the resilient deformation occurs in the wall 411. This provides an advantage in that the actuator surface provides a solid point of contact for the operator. Furthermore, an operator can use any part of their hand, or even arm, to actuate the dispensing of fluid from the container. This arrangement also provides and increased mechanical efficiency.

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D is made from a rigid plastic material, although it could be made from a flexible plastic material or a combination of a rigid and a flexible material. The entire dispenser nozzle is formed as a single component part which is moulded from a single processing step and extracted from the mould in the configuration shown in FIG. 4A.

Although the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4A-D is a dispenser nozzle configured to dispense a bolus of liquid, particularly viscous liquids such as soaps, shampoos, creams etc., it shall be appreciated that the device could easily be configured to dispense fluids in the form of a spray by, for example, modifying the outlet in a similar manner to the dispenser nozzles shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 discussed above.

It shall also be appreciated that the two fluids dispensed could be configured to mix prior to dispensing, rather than being dispensed through two separate outlets. In such cases, one of the chambers may be an air chamber to provide an air stream when it is compressed that mixes with fluid dispensed from the other chamber during use.

The chambers are shown side by side in all of the Figures. It will of course be apparent that the chambers could be arranged one on top of another instead by simple modification of the designs.

It shall be appreciated that the description of the embodiments of the invention described in reference to the figures is intended to be by way of example only and should not construed as limiting the scope of the invention in anyway. 

1. A pump-action dispenser nozzle adapted to enable fluid stored in a fluid source to be dispensed through said nozzle during use, said nozzle having a body which defines a first chamber having an inlet through which fluid may be drawn into said chamber and an outlet through which fluid present in the chamber may be expelled from the nozzle, said inlet comprising an inlet valve adapted to only permit fluid to flow into the chamber through the inlet when the pressure within the chamber falls below the pressure within the fluid source by at least a minimum threshold amount and said outlet comprising an outlet valve configured to only permit fluid to flow out of the chamber and be expelled from the nozzle when the pressure therein exceeds the external pressure at the outlet by at least a minimum threshold amount, and a second chamber which comprises at least an outlet and an outlet valve, wherein one or more portions of the body that define said first and second chambers are configured to: (a) resiliently deform from an initial resiliently biased configuration to a deformed configuration in response to the application of a pressure, whereby the volumes of both said chambers defined by said one or more portions of the body are reduced as said one or more portions of the body are deformed from said initial configuration to said deformed configuration, said reduction in volume causing the pressure within the chambers to increase and fluid to be ejected through the respective outlet valves; and (b) subsequently return to the initial resiliently biased configuration when the applied pressure is removed, thereby causing the volume of the chambers to increase and the pressure therein to fall such that further fluid is drawn into at least the first chamber through the inlet valve, characterized in that the deformable portion or portions of said body are adapted to be activated by direct pressure exerted by the user on at least one part of the body which defines at least one of the chambers and which forms part of an outer surface of said device.
 2. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said device comprises no more than six separate component parts.
 3. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said device comprises a maximum of three separate component parts.
 4. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the said nozzle comprises two separate component parts.
 5. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the said nozzle comprises a single component part.
 6. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber further comprises an inlet equipped with an inlet valve through which a fluid from a second fluid source may be drawn into the second chamber when the pressure within the chamber falls below the pressure within the second fluid source by at least a minimum threshold amount.
 7. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the second chamber does not comprise an inlet and contains a reservoir of a second fluid.
 8. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 7, wherein said second fluid is dispensed in one single actuation.
 9. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 7, wherein said second fluid is dispensed incrementally when the device is actuated.
 10. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the fluid contained in the second chamber is a liquid, which is co-dispensed with a liquid present in the first chamber.
 11. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the fluid contained in the second chamber is gas, which is co-dispensed with a liquid present in the first chamber.
 12. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 11, wherein the gas is air.
 13. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 12, wherein the second chamber comprises an air inlet to draw more air into the second chamber to replenish that which is dispensed when the resiliently deformable portion of the body is deformed.
 14. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 13 wherein compression of the air chamber occurs preferentially allowing the air and liquid to be ejected together.
 15. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 13, wherein the air chamber is above the liquid containing chamber so that the air chamber will be compressed first.
 16. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 15, wherein said air inlet comprises a one-way air inlet valve adapted to only permit air to flow into the second chamber when the pressure within the air chamber falls below the external pressure by at least a predetermined minimum threshold amount.
 17. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said inlet and outlet valves are each capable of forming an air tight seal.
 18. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 12, wherein air is drawn back into the second chamber through the outlet when the second chamber expands.
 19. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 18, wherein the outlet of the second chamber is provided with a two way valve configured to only permit fluid to flow out of the chamber and be expelled from the nozzle when the pressure therein exceeds the external pressure at the outlet by at least a minimum threshold amount and to only permit air to be drawn back into the chamber when the external pressure at the outlet exceeds the pressure within the second chamber by at least a predetermined minimum threshold amount.
 20. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the outlets of said first and second chambers each comprise an outlet passageway that extends from the respective chamber to separate outlet orifices.
 21. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the outlets of said first and second chambers each comprise an outlet passageway that extends from each said respective chamber to a single, common outlet orifice, said passageways merging such that fluid dispensed from each chamber during use mixes within the outlet passageway prior to being dispensed through said outlet orifice.
 22. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 20, wherein the outlet passageway comprises one or more internal spray-modifying features prior to a final swirl chamber and spray orifice configured to reduce the size of the liquid droplets dispensed through the outlet orifice of the nozzle device during use.
 23. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said spray modifying features include one or more expansion chamber.
 24. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said spray modifying features include two or more expansion chambers.
 25. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said spray modifying features include one or two swirl chambers.
 26. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said spray modifying features include three or more swirl chambers.
 27. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said spray modifying features include two internal spray orifices.
 28. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said spray modifying features include three or more internal spray orifices.
 29. A pump action dispenser according to claim 22, wherein said internal spray modifying features include one or more venturis.
 30. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 22, wherein said passageways merge within a spray-modifying feature.
 31. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 30, wherein said spray modifying feature is a swirl chamber, expansion chamber or both.
 32. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein a first portion of the body defining at least one of said chambers forms a rigid or substantially rigid actuator surface to which a pressure can be applied and a second portion of the body that defines said chamber is configured to: (a) resiliently deform from an initial resiliently biased configuration to a distended or deformed configuration in response to the application of a pressure to said actuator surface, whereby the volume of said chambers defined by said portion of the body is reduced as said second portions of the body is deformed from said initial configuration to said distended or deformed configuration, said reduction in volume causing the pressure within the chambers to increase and fluid to be ejected through the outlet valve; and (b) subsequently return to its initial resiliently biased configuration when the applied pressure is removed, thereby causing the volume of the chambers to increase and the pressure therein to fall such that further fluid is at least drawn into the first chamber through the inlet valve.
 33. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 32, wherein said actuator surface is an upper surface of the device.
 34. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 32, wherein the actuator surface is flat or substantially flat.
 35. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 32, wherein the actuator surface is curved.
 36. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 32, wherein the actuator surface retains its configuration when a pressure is applied.
 37. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 32, wherein the second part of the body defining the chamber is a side wall of the chamber or a portion of the base.
 38. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 32, wherein the actuator surface is a rigid surface that can be pressed by an operator and is configured so that it can slide or pivot towards an opposing portion of the body defining the chamber when a pressure is applied, thereby causing the volume of the chamber to reduce.
 39. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 38, wherein the body defines a third and fourth chamber.
 40. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 39 wherein the chambers are arranged side by side or one above another.
 41. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 38, wherein the actuator surface is formed from a rigid plastic material.
 42. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle is adapted to be fitted to an opening of a container so as to enable fluid stored in said container to be dispensed during use.
 43. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle is integrally formed with a container so as to enable fluid stored in said container to be dispensed during use.
 44. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the body of the nozzle device comprises two or more interconnected parts, which, when connected together, define said first chamber and said second chamber.
 45. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the first chamber and the second chamber of the nozzle device are defined between two interconnected parts.
 46. A pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 44, wherein the outlet comprises an outlet valve, an outlet orifice and an outlet passageway that connects the outlet valve to the outlet orifice, it is also preferred that the at least two interconnected parts that define the chambers also define at least a portion of the outlet passageway.
 47. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 45, wherein the two interconnected parts form the outlet valve between them and also define the entire outlet passageway and the outlet orifice.
 48. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 46, wherein the outlet passageway is defined between an abutment surface of one of said parts and an opposing abutment surface of another of said parts.
 49. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 48, wherein one or more of the abutment surfaces comprises one or more grooves and recesses formed thereon which define the outlet passageway when the abutment surfaces are contacted together.
 50. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 44, wherein one of said parts is a base part and other of said parts is an upper part.
 51. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 50, wherein said base part is adapted to be fitted to the opening of a container.
 52. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 50, wherein said base part also defines the inlet as well as a portion of the passageway leading from the chamber to the outlet.
 53. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 50, wherein the upper part is adapted to be fitted to the base so that they define the chamber and the outlet passageway leading to the outlet of the dispenser nozzle between them.
 54. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 50, wherein the upper part forms the resiliently deformable portion of the body defining the chamber.
 55. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 50, wherein the outlet valve is formed between the component parts of the body of the dispenser nozzle.
 56. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 55, wherein the outlet valve is formed by a portion of one of said parts being resiliently biased against the other of said parts to close the outlet or the passageway leading thereto, said resiliently biased portion being configured to deform away from the other of said parts to define an open outlet or passage leading thereto when the pressure within the chamber exceeds the external pressure by at least a minimum threshold amount.
 57. A dispenser nozzle according to any one of claim 56, wherein the outlet valve is formed between the abutment surfaces of the at least two parts.
 58. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 56, wherein the abutment surface of one of the parts comprises a resiliently deformable valve member that is resiliently biased against the other of the parts to close the outlet orifice or the passageway leading thereto and is configured to deform away from the other of said parts to define an open outlet or passage leading thereto when the pressure within the chamber exceeds the external pressure by at least a minimum threshold amount.
 59. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 58, wherein said valve member is in the form of a flap or a plug.
 60. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 59, wherein a second reinforcing flap or member contacts the opposing surface of the resiliently deformable flap.
 61. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the inlet valve is a flap valve consisting of a resiliently deformable flap positioned over the inlet opening, said flap being adapted to deform so as to allow fluid to be drawn into the chamber through the inlet when the pressure within the chamber falls below a predetermined minimum threshold pressure, and subsequent return to its resiliently biased configuration at all other times.
 62. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 61, wherein the resiliently deformable flap is formed as an integral extension of the resiliently deformable portion of the body which defines the chamber.
 63. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the dispenser nozzle comprises a locking means configured to prevent fluid being dispensed accidentally.
 64. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 63, wherein the lock means is integrally formed with the body.
 65. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises one or more air leak valves through which air can flow to equalize any pressure differential between the interior of a container and the external environment, but prevents any fluid leaking out of the container if it is inverted.
 66. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 44, wherein said dispenser nozzle comprises a body formed of at least two interconnected parts that together define the first chamber and the second chamber and a sealing means is disposed between said at least two parts to prevent any fluid leaking out of the dispenser nozzle.
 67. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 66, wherein the two parts of the body are permanently fixed together by ultrasonic or heat welding, and are of compatible materials.
 68. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 67 wherein both parts of the body are made from a rigid or flexible material.
 69. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 67, wherein the parts of the body are made from the same material.
 70. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 66, wherein a seal is disposed at the join between the interconnected parts to prevent any fluid leaking out from the nozzle device.
 71. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 70, wherein the body includes a frame work of a rigid material and some or all of the other parts, including said deformable portion or portions of the body and the valves are over molded in the frame work with a flexible material.
 72. A dispenser nozzle according to claim 71 wherein the body includes a suitable plastics material molded around the outside thereof to seal it and on top of the surface for a soft touch.
 73. A container having a pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, fitted to an opening thereof so as to enable the fluid stored in the container to be dispensed from the container through said dispenser nozzle during use.
 74. A container having a pump-action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, integrally formed therewith so as to enable the fluid stored in the container to be dispensed from the container through said dispenser nozzle during use.
 75. A pump-action dispenser nozzle having a body which defines two or more fluid-filled internal chambers, each of said chambers containing a fluid and having an outlet through which fluid present in the chamber may be expelled from the nozzle, said outlet comprising an outlet valve configured to only permit fluid to flow out of the chamber and be expelled from the nozzle when the pressure within the chamber exceeds the external pressure at the outlet by at least a minimum threshold amount, and wherein at least a portion of the body which defines said chamber is configured to resiliently deform so as to enable the said portion of the body to be displaced from an initial resiliently biased configuration in which said chamber assumes its maximum volume, to a distended or deformed configuration, in which the volume of said chamber is reduced, by the application of a pressure, said reduction in volume causing the pressure within the chamber to increase and fluid to be ejected through the outlet valve characterized in that the entire fluid supply is stored within the chambers and the chambers have no inlet valves.
 76. A pump-action dispenser nozzle dispenser according to claim 75, wherein the part of the body that can be displaced inwards to reduce the volume of the chamber and thereby cause fluid present in said chamber to be ejected through the outlet is a piston mounted within a piston channel.
 77. A pump-action dispenser nozzle dispenser according to claim 75, wherein the piston channel forms one of either the entire chamber or only a portion thereof. 78.-90. (canceled)
 91. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises at least two component parts for assembly with a snap fit.
 92. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises at least two component parts for assembly by welding.
 93. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises at least two component parts for assembly by means of over molding.
 94. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises at least one component part formed by injection molding, and wherein a blowing agent is incorporated into a mold together with a plastic material.
 95. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 1, wherein said nozzle comprises at least one component part formed from at least two plastic materials using bi-injection molding.
 96. A pump action dispenser nozzle according to claim 95, wherein the at least one component part of said nozzle comprises a base portion formed by means of a bi-injection molding process in which a rigid material is injected into a mold in a first stage and a second relatively flexible material is over molded onto the rigid material in a second stage of the process. 